How to Make an Infographic in 5 Steps August 10, 2019 bizadmin If you want to make an infographic that engages, summarizes, and informs, this guide is for you. From the perspective of someone who isn’t a designer, making an infographic that’s both beautiful and effective can seem like an impossible task…but that’s far from the truth. Outline the goals of your infographic. Collect data for your infographic. Visualize the data for your infographic. Layout your infographic using an infographic template (scroll down for a video guide) Add style to your infographic design. Let’s dive into each step in more detail. Step 1: Outline the goals of your infographic Before you begin to think about design, layout, charts, or aesthetics, you need to think hard about the goals of your infographic. Why are you making this infographic? When I say goals, I don’t mean high-level goals like “summarize complex information” or “improve website traffic”. I mean clear, concrete, achievable communication goals. Define the burning problem Recognize that you’re creating this infographic so that your audience can gain something very specific from reading it. That very specific thing should be a burning problem that your audience has in their lives, and that your infographic is going to solve. Use a question pyramid From there, use a question pyramid to take that burning problem and turn it into 3-5 actionable questions to tackle in your infographic: Step 2: Collect data for your infographic You’ll need some data to help you answer each question you defined in step one. If you have your own data, great–you can move on to step three! If not, don’t worry. There’s a ton of public data available to you (the U.S. alone produces about 2.7 million GB of data per minute), if you just know where to look. Let’s review some strategies for getting your hands on useful data, without having to conduct your own research. Refine your Google searches Google is often the best place to start your search. Target your Google searches more efficiently with symbols and data-specific search terms: Use quotes to search for an exact phrase For example, “food and wine pairing” Use a minus sign to exclude terms from your search For example, food and wine pairing -red Append ‘data’ to your search phrase For example, food and wine pairing data Append a data-specific file format (e.g. xls, csv, tsv) to your search phrase For example, food and wine pairing xls Search existing data repositories While Google searches are fast and easy, often you’ll end up with messy data that needs some cleaning, which can take a lot of time. Peruse these data repositories to find data that’s ready to use: The U.S. Government’s Open Data: Data on everything from agriculture, climate, and ecosystems to education, health, and public safety US Census Data for Social, Economic, and Health Research: U.S. census data from 1790-present Statista: Market research Kaggle: User-uploaded datasets on everything from chocolate bars to startup funding Pew Research: Research on demographics, public opinion, media content, and more American Time Use Survey: Data on the amount of time Americans spend doing various activities like sleeping, eating, and playing sports. Google Trends Datastore: Curated datasets from the Google News Lab Google Scholar: A user-friendly search engine for academic publications Data is Plural: A curated list of interesting, topical datasets, updated weekly AggData: Business locational data Cool Datasets: A self-proclaimed “place to find cool datasets” If both of these strategies fail you, you might have to collect your own data. To learn more, review our suggestions for conducting your own research, and read our comprehensive guide to data collection. Step 3: Visualize the data in your infographic Now you’ve got the questions you want to answer and the data you need to answer them. Your next step should be to decide how to present that data visually. We’ve developed the ICCORE method to help you pick the best charts for your data. First, for each piece of data you want to visualize, determine whether the primary goal will be to: Inform, Compare, Change, Organize, Reveal relationships, or Explore. Then use the best practices for that goal to find the right chart for your data. Let’s review for each goal in turn: Inform You want to convey an important message or data point that doesn’t require much context to understand. Make a numerical stat stand out with large, bold, colorful text: Demand extra attention by pairing icons with text: Highlight a percentage or rate with a donut chart or a pictograph: Compare You want to show similarities or differences among values or parts of a whole. Use a bar chart, column chart, bubble chart, or bubble cloud to compare independent values. Use a pie chart, donut chart, pictograph, or tree map to compare parts of a whole. Use a stacked bar chart or stacked column chart to compare categories and parts of a whole. Use a stacked area chart to compare trends over time. Change You want to show trends over time or space. Use a line chart or an area chart to show changes that are continuous over time. Use a timeline to show discrete events in time. Use a choropleth map to show spatial data. Use a map series to show data that changes over both space and time. Organize You want to show groups, patterns, rank or order. Use a list to show rank or order when you want to provide extra information about each element. Use a table to show rank or order when you want readers to be able to look up specific values. Use a flowchart to show order in a process. Use simple boxes or borders to show organized groups (as seen in Venn diagrams and mind maps). Otherwise, show rank or order with a bar chart, column chart, bubble chart, or pyramid chart. Relationship You want to reveal more complex relationships among things. Use a scatter plot when you want to display two variables for a set of data. Use a multi-series plot when you want to compare multiple sets of related data. Explore You want the reader to explore the data and discover insights for themselves. There’s no magic bullet for exploration–the visualization style will really depend on the specifics of your data. Interactive charts like this one that allow for filtering, sorting, and drilling down are the often best choice, but these can be costly and time-consuming to develop. If you’re a visualization beginner, try to stick to the other choices. That’s a quick rundown of our ICCORE method. Now, you should have everything you need to pick appropriate charts for each set of data you want to visualize. Just think about what you want to emphasize, and pick your chart accordingly. For more examples and chart best practices, take a look at our full guide on how to choose the best charts for your data. Step 4: Layout the elements of your infographic design All that’s left is layout and design. Putting your first element on the page can be daunting, but there are a few hacks that will remove some of the guesswork from the equation. Create a natural information flow Use the question pyramid you developed in the first step to guide your layout and information flow. Start by telling your reader what they’ll gain from your infographic (i.e. turn the burning problem into your header), follow up with the charts that address the “supporting questions”, and then drive it all home with the charts that address the “probing questions”. Use a grid layout to add structure and balance to your infographic Laying out your elements with a predefined symmetrical grid is an easy tactic that will instantly elevate your infographic. It will give your elements some essential order and, keeping in mind that we naturally read from left to right and top to bottom, it can be used to direct your reader’s gaze from element to element. Use a centered, single-column layout for content with a linear flow: Sources: Everlane.com, Ziploc.com Use a two-column layout to make comparisons. Below is an example of a comparison infographic: Sources: RemoteRelief, The Guardian, FoodBeast Consider using a multi-section layout when reading order is less important: Sources: Lauren Conrad, Lemonly Whatever layout you use, spacing your elements at regular intervals will create a satisfying sense of structure and balance. Make an infographic with a ready-made infographic template If building a layout from scratch is too intimidating, we offer ready-made infographic templates that you can personalize to fit your data. The trick is to pick one that works well with your content. The best way to do that is to forget about colour, style, and chart types for the time being. Pick an infographic template based on its structure first, and play with its style second. Have a list or a process? Find a centered, single-column infographic template to ensure each step is read in order. Below is an example of a process infographic: Want to contrast two charts? Find a two-column infographic template: Step 5: Add style to your infographic design Now comes the fun part–manipulating design elements to add some flair and make sure your infographic is aesthetically pleasing and clear. How to pick fonts for your infographic Start with your text. Try to keep it simple. Think of an infographic as a visual summary–the text that’s there should be absolutely necessary to understand the major concepts and supplement the visuals. Reduce your text to short paragraphs (at most) at about a grade six reading level. Once you have your copy figured out, choose a readable font for the bulk of the text, then amp up the size and style of your main header, section headers, and data highlights so that the gist of your infographic is immediately apparent: Want to master the art of typography? Get our full rundown on how to choose fonts for your infographic. How to use repetition, consistency, and alignment in your infographic Next, add some extra graphic elements to give your compositions some rhythm and visual interest. Remember those grids we talked about earlier? An easy way to pull your composition together is to repeat basic shapes to reinforce the underlying grid: Or use basic shapes to emphasize headers and list elements: Or add icons to reinforce important concepts in the text. Keep icon color, style, and size consistent, and pull everything together with extra background shapes: Whatever you do, make sure the repeated elements you add are aligned! Even slight misalignments will throw things off balance: Those are just a few the ways we like to add flair to our infographics. The important thing to remember is that repeated, aligned elements create visual rhythm, which can make a composition feel more complete. How to use negative space in your infographic design Negative space (a.k.a. whitespace) refers to the areas of the page that don’t contain any text or images. Any designer will tell you that negative space is just as important as any other element of a design. In the same way that when you take a photo, you leave space on either side of your subject, you should leave space around each main element grouping in your infographic. That means ensuring you have margins around the edges of the infographic: And gaps between unrelated elements, making it easier to immediately understand which elements are grouped together: Whitespace also affects the way we read color–it’s much easier to make colors play nicely with each other by adding little whitespace: A mark of an expert designer is mastery of negative space. As an amateur, your designs will improve as soon as you start thinking about negative space! How to pick colors when you make an infographic Finally we come to color. There’s a reason I’ve left it till the end. While color is a powerful communication tool, a truly great design should communicate effectively in black and white. Think of color like an added bonus–a way that you can help your reader understand your content. Use color to highlight important information: Or to group related elements: Don’t overlook neutrals. They’re easy to work with, and when used to offset bright colors they can really pull together a composition: When it comes to combining colors, we’ve got you covered. We’ve put together a number of color schemes that will work for a range of infographics. That’s it! If you remember to think about fonts, repetition and alignment, negative space, and color, your infographic is sure to turn out well. Check out the biggest graphic design trends of 2019 for even more ideas.Return to Table of Contents Let’s review the main steps you should follow to create an infographic: Outline the goals of your infographic Collect data for your infographic Visualize the data in your infographic Layout the elements of your infographic design Add style to your infographic If you’ve made it this far, your design skills are miles ahead of most non-designers. You should have a good grasp on how to make an infographic in 5 steps, and have all the tools you need to make your first infographic.
